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UNDERSTANDING THE “ERRING” FEMALE: A LITERATURE REVIEW EXPLORING THE EVOLUTION OF THE CRIMINALIZED FEMALE OFFENDER
Female criminality is a fascinating subject and one that was largely ignored by criminologists until approximately 50 years ago. With the influx of media influence, the ever increasing rate of incarcerated women, and new research into the lives of female offenders, it is apparent now more than ever how different their lived experiences, pathways to crime, offences committed, and overall criminalization are to their male counterparts. Beginning with an in depth look into the history of female offenders, the author covers comparisons between male and female deviants, discrepancies and similarities of youth and adult females involved in crime, and the various theories that have attempted to explain female offenders. Lastly, the author will briefly review how physical appearance, self-image, and self-esteem affect female criminality – an area that eagerly requires further research.
With sensationalism in the media reporting the occurrences of crime in relation to females, it is easy to see how society currently fears the inception of a new female offender; one that transcends stereotypes and has emerged as violent, deviant and equal in psychopathy to that of male offenders. Consistent findings show that, although rates of female crime have risen, the types of offences committed are largely that of property and drug-related. As such, it is prudent to examine the history of the criminalized woman prior to attempting to understand who she has become.
Keywords
Crime — History — Social Sciences