THE ROLE OF THE MILITARY IN INTERNAL SECURITY SECURITY OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS-AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ONGOING MILITARY OPERATIONS IN NIGERIA

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THE ROLE OF THE MILITARY IN INTERNAL SECURITY SECURITY OPERATIONS AND HUMAN RIGHTS-AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ONGOING MILITARY OPERATIONS IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

The security architecture of a country is usually anchored on its national interest as well as its strategic calculations within the continent and in the international stage. For any nation to have a good and standard national security structure it must place emphasis on improving the socio-economic and political wellbeing of its citizens. This is imperative and fundamental because there is indeed a nexus between leadership, good governance and national security. This is true because what constitutes national power in a state is an embodiment of several forces and factors which must be utilized to achieve internal peace and security. In the case of Nigeria, there are several cases of insecurity which the military is yet to resolve. For instance, the Boko Haram Islamic uprising, farmer-herders conflict, the insurgency in the Niger Delta region etc. Thus, there is need for the Nigerian military to step up its game by restoring internal peace and security in the country. Some scholars have argued that the Nigeria military should be restructured to its constitutional role of defending the air, land and sea borders against external aggression while others belief that the military can still play complementary role by engaging in internal peace support operations. The actual role of the military remains a major source of debate at the local, national and international level. Why the high rate of criminal activities in Nigeria? Why the rise in violence and insurgency in different parts of the country despite the presence of the military? These and other questions form the major thrust of the study.

The complexities associated with modern battlefields have influenced the crafting of strategy towards employment of technological products for reasons of lethality and operational fluidity. Also, humanitarian considerations have become essential, leading to the adoption of the Manoeuvrist Approach to Warfare (MAW) in place of the Attritionists’ Approach to Warfare that demonized the profession through the last centuries. Without prejudice to humanitarian concerns associated with the MAW, in populated areas remain pronounced, thereby necessitating military engagement in relieving affected civilian populations.

The importance of good relation between the military and civil populace cannot be over-emphasised (NATO Civil-Military Co-operation, 2001:1-1). A number of internal security operations that the Nigerian Armed Forces is currently conducting in the Niger Delta and other parts of the country calls for a co-ordinated approach to the integration of the civilian dimension into operational plans. This is to avoid misinterpretation, misrepresentation of the intentions and actions of the military. This is important to ensure that internal security (IS) operations do not undermine National Security. It is in this light that this study seeks to answer the following questions:

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

i. What is the relationship between CMR and National Security?

ii. What are the effects of CMR on National Security challenges?

iii. Could CMR be partly panacea to attainment of National Security?

iv. What policies and strategies are required to guide CMR toward enhancing National Security?

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

i. To establish a relationship between CMR and National Security.

ii. To highlight the effects of CMR on National Security challenges.

iii. To establish that CMR if accorded its deserved priority could be the solution to many National Security challenges.

iv. To proffer strategies for CMR as a factor towards solving Nigeria’s security challenges.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

There is a conventional notion that a country is most secured when its security apparatus are potent. This has resulted into nation states placing much premium on the concept of national security often at the detriment of the citizens. This study therefore, seeks to establish the imperatives of mutual relationship between military and the civil populace towards solving Nigeria’s Security challenges.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study would contribute towards enhancing alternative ways of handling security challenges in Nigeria. Its findings would assist the Nigerian State in formulating policies that would entrench great bond between the military and civilians in attempt to efficiently handle the nation’s security challenges.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The concept of national security has permeated in global discourse since the end of Cold War while CMR is a concept that is just coming on board in Nigeria. In the course of this study, the period spanning from 1999 till date shall be covered and only relevant literatures on this concept will be referred to.

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