PREVALENCE OF GIADIA LAMBLIA AMONG CHILDREN DIAGNOSED IN GENERAL HOSPITAL BOGORO

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PREVALENCE OF GIADIA LAMBLIA AMONG CHILDREN DIAGNOSED IN GENERAL HOSPITAL BOGORO

Abstract

Prevalence of Giardia lamblia Among Children Diagnosed in General Hospital Bogoro

Giardia lamblia, a protozoan parasite, is a leading cause of giardiasis, a gastrointestinal disease that significantly affects children’s health, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Giardia lamblia among children diagnosed at General Hospital Bogoro. A cross-sectional study design was adopted, involving stool sample analysis from pediatric patients aged 1-15 years presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms. Samples were examined microscopically using direct wet mount and concentration techniques to detect Giardia lamblia cysts. Sociodemographic data and clinical symptoms were collected through structured questionnaires.

The findings revealed a prevalence rate of [insert percentage], with higher infection rates observed among children aged [insert age group] and those from households with inadequate access to clean water and sanitation. Common symptoms included diarrhea, abdominal pain, and malnutrition. The study underscores the public health burden of giardiasis in the region and highlights the need for improved hygiene practices, access to safe drinking water, and targeted public health interventions. Further research is recommended to explore risk factors and implement sustainable control measures to reduce the disease burden among vulnerable populations.

Keywords: Giardia lamblia, prevalence, children, giardiasis, Bogoro, public health.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan parasite responsible for giardiasis, a widespread gastrointestinal infection affecting humans, particularly children in developing countries. The parasite is transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route via contaminated water, food, or direct contact. In children, giardiasis is a significant public health concern as it contributes to malnutrition, stunted growth, and cognitive deficits, impairing overall development.

In rural communities, including Bogoro in Nigeria, poor sanitation, inadequate access to clean drinking water, and limited health education exacerbate the spread of G. lamblia. Hospitals in such areas frequently encounter pediatric cases presenting with symptoms like chronic diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and malabsorption. Identifying the prevalence of G. lamblia infections in children is critical for designing effective prevention and control measures to reduce the disease burden.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite the significant impact of giardiasis on child health, its prevalence in Bogoro and similar regions remains poorly documented. The absence of reliable data on infection rates hinders the formulation of evidence-based health interventions and policies. Furthermore, underdiagnosis due to limited diagnostic resources in rural health facilities exacerbates the challenge. Addressing these gaps is essential to mitigate the health and socio-economic consequences of the disease.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1.3.1 General Objective

To determine the prevalence of Giardia lamblia among children diagnosed in General Hospital Bogoro.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

To identify the demographic and socio-economic factors associated with G. lamblia infection.

To examine the clinical symptoms commonly presented by children with giardiasis.

To assess the role of environmental factors, such as water quality and sanitation, in the spread of G. lamblia.

1.4 Research Questions

What is the prevalence of Giardia lamblia among children in General Hospital Bogoro?

What demographic and socio-economic factors are associated with the infection?

What are the common clinical presentations of giardiasis in children?

How do environmental factors, such as water and sanitation, contribute to the transmission of G. lamblia?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and determinants of Giardia lamblia infection in Bogoro. The findings will aid public health practitioners in designing targeted interventions, including health education, improved sanitation, and water safety initiatives, to combat the spread of giardiasis. Additionally, it will serve as a reference for future research on parasitic infections in similar settings.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study focuses on children aged 1–15 years diagnosed at General Hospital Bogoro. It examines stool samples for the presence of Giardia lamblia using standard diagnostic methods and collects data on socio-demographic, clinical, and environmental factors. The study period spans [insert time frame], with a sample size of [insert number].

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms

Prevalence: The proportion of children infected with Giardia lamblia during the study period.

Giardiasis: A gastrointestinal disease caused by Giardia lamblia, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and malabsorption.

Socio-economic factors: Attributes such as income level, parental education, and living conditions that influence the risk of infection.

Environmental factors: Aspects such as water quality, sanitation, and hygiene practices that affect disease transmission.

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