AN INVESTIGATION OF FUEL WOOD CRISIS. A CASE STUDY OF FCT ABUJA

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AN INVESTIGATION OF FUEL WOOD CRISIS. A CASE STUDY OF FCT ABUJA

Abstract

This study investigates the fuelwood crisis in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, Nigeria, with a focus on understanding its causes, impacts, and potential solutions. Fuelwood, a primary source of energy for many households and small-scale enterprises in Nigeria, has become increasingly scarce due to rapid urbanization, population growth, and deforestation. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data gathered through surveys, interviews, and field observations. Key findings highlight the socioeconomic drivers of the crisis, including poverty, high demand for alternative energy sources, and limited access to modern energy. The study also reveals the environmental consequences of over-reliance on fuelwood, such as loss of biodiversity, soil degradation, and increased greenhouse gas emissions. To address these challenges, the research recommends policies aimed at promoting sustainable energy alternatives, afforestation programs, and public awareness campaigns on efficient energy use. By examining the fuelwood crisis in FCT Abuja, this study contributes to the broader discourse on energy sustainability and environmental management in developing urban centers.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Fuelwood remains one of the most utilized sources of energy in developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In Nigeria, over 70% of households depend on fuelwood for cooking and heating purposes (Babalola et al., 2021). Despite its widespread use, the growing demand for fuelwood, driven by population growth and urbanization, has led to significant environmental and socioeconomic challenges. In the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja, the fuelwood crisis is becoming increasingly critical, with deforestation, environmental degradation, and rising costs posing severe threats to sustainable development (Adewuyi et al., 2018).

The reliance on fuelwood as a primary energy source in FCT Abuja is a reflection of limited access to alternative energy sources such as electricity, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Many households and small-scale enterprises cannot afford these alternatives due to high costs and irregular supply (Okafor & Joe-Ikechebelu, 2019). Consequently, the unsustainable harvesting of wood from surrounding forests has led to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and increased greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating the impacts of climate change.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

The fuelwood crisis in FCT Abuja poses a dual challenge: meeting the energy needs of a rapidly growing population while mitigating the environmental consequences of over-reliance on wood as an energy source. Deforestation rates in the region have risen significantly, with an estimated 350,000 hectares of forest lost annually in Nigeria due to fuelwood harvesting (FAO, 2020). This loss of forest cover not only contributes to environmental issues such as soil erosion and reduced water quality but also affects the livelihoods of communities that depend on forests for their survival.

Moreover, the escalating costs of fuelwood are placing additional economic burdens on low-income households, forcing some to resort to alternative, less efficient, and more hazardous forms of energy, such as crop residues and animal dung (Adedeji & Olayemi, 2020). This situation calls for urgent attention to understand the underlying drivers of the fuelwood crisis and to develop strategies for sustainable energy access.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objective of this study is to investigate the fuelwood crisis in FCT Abuja and its implications for households, the environment, and energy sustainability. The specific objectives are:

To identify the factors contributing to the fuelwood crisis in FCT Abuja.

To assess the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of fuelwood dependence in the region.

To evaluate the availability and accessibility of alternative energy sources for households and enterprises.

To recommend sustainable strategies for addressing the fuelwood crisis.

1.4 Research Questions

This study seeks to answer the following questions:

What are the primary factors driving the fuelwood crisis in FCT Abuja?

How does fuelwood dependence affect households and the environment in the region?

What alternative energy sources are available and accessible to residents of FCT Abuja?

What strategies can be adopted to ensure sustainable energy access and environmental conservation?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This research is significant for several reasons. First, it provides empirical insights into the fuelwood crisis in FCT Abuja, contributing to the existing body of knowledge on energy poverty and environmental sustainability. Second, the findings of this study will inform policymakers, environmentalists, and development practitioners on the design and implementation of interventions aimed at promoting sustainable energy use and environmental conservation. Finally, the study highlights the importance of integrating alternative energy solutions into national and regional development plans to address the energy needs of low-income households while protecting the environment.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The study focuses on the fuelwood crisis in FCT Abuja, examining its causes, impacts, and potential solutions. Data will be collected from households, small-scale enterprises, and relevant stakeholders in selected urban and peri-urban areas within the territory. The study will also explore the role of government policies, community initiatives, and private sector interventions in addressing the crisis.

1.7 Definition of Terms

Fuelwood: Wood used as fuel for cooking, heating, or other energy needs.

Deforestation: The permanent removal of trees and forests, often for agricultural, industrial, or urban use.

Energy Poverty: A lack of access to affordable and reliable modern energy services.

Sustainable Energy: Energy solutions that meet present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

1.8 Organization of the Study

This study is organized into five chapters. Chapter One provides the background, statement of the problem, objectives, research questions, significance, scope, and definition of terms. Chapter Two reviews relevant literature on fuelwood use, environmental impacts, and sustainable energy alternatives. Chapter Three outlines the research methodology, including the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques. Chapter Four presents the results and discussion of findings, while Chapter Five concludes with recommendations and suggestions for future research.

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