SERUM ELECTROLYTES/UREA/CREATININE IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH MALARIA PARASITES

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SERUM ELECTROLYTES/UREA/CREATININE IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH MALARIA PARASITES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Malaria is a life-threatening parasitic disease transmitted through the bite of a female anopheles mosquito [1]. It is a disease that can be treated in just 48 hours, yet it can cause fetal complication if the diagnosis and treatment are delayed [2]. It affects both male and female but with higher prevalence among males and in the month of September [3, 4]. Pregnancy has been seen as a period marked by profound change in a woman’s electrolyte level [5]. The ability to regulate nutrient and balance electrolyte during this period is critical to the health of the mother and the growing foetus [6]. Pregnant women and children under five years are the most vulnerable to the adverse consequences of malaria. This is so because pregnant women and children do not always receive the necessary prevention and treatments they need, and this contributes to the extremely high numbers of maternal and infant malaria related deaths. It is worst in rural areas where effective health care is farfetched. More so, people living in poorer locations are also more susceptible to malaria as they often live in houses that offer little protection against mosquitoes. Anaemia on the other hand is one of the commonest resultant manifestations or complication in pregnancy arising from the leakage of potassium from intracellular space to extracellular space leading to hyperkalaemia.

In addition to water balance, these electrolytes play an important role in maintenance of pH, regulation of heat and muscle function, electron transfer reactions as well as serving as cofactor for enzymes [7]. In pregnant women erythrocyte infected with the mature form of the malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum, the cytosolic concentration of sodium ion is increased and that of potassium is decreased [8]. In separate studies it was observed that malaria is often associated with abnormalities of fluids, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, since electrolyte has been shown to be highly indispensable in water homeostasis which is fundamental to the survival of all organisms [2, 9]. In view of this it is imperative to assess the electrolyte status of pregnant women with malaria, its severity and provide a plat form for effective management regimen for patients in such condition.

Statement of the problem

There may have been previous researches in this subject. This work gives further explanations and analysis in serum electrolytes/urea/creatinine in pregnant women with malaria parasites

Objectives of the study
To understand the impact of serum electrolytes/urea/creatinine in pregnant women with malaria parasites
To understand the relationship between serum electrolytes/urea/creatinine and public health of pregnant women with malaria parasites

Research questions
What is the impact of serum electrolytes/urea/creatinine in pregnant women with malaria parasites
What is the relationship between relationship between serum electrolytes/urea/creatinine and public health of pregnant women with malaria parasites