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THE AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF REALIA IN TEACHING OF BIOLOGY IN SECONDARY SCHOOL IN UKANAFUN LGA
ABSTRACT
The age of digitalization and globalization has given unprecedented impetus to the development realia technology. Realia instructions in schools have therefore continued to accelerate students’ understanding and appreciation of learning.
The value of audio- visual media is further underscored by their positive impact in teaching and learning, the audiovisual technology positive influence of the academic performance of students and the enhancement of teacher’s performance. Teaching and learning facilities are no doubt veritable instruments in a nation’s educational development.
The work therefore focuses on the use of realia technology in school libraries, evaluated the effects of the use of realia technology on the academic performance of students, and proffers solutions to problems hampering the effective application of realia technology in our educational process.
TABLE
Introduction
- Background of the Study 4
- Profile of IELC/DISS 5
- Purpose of the study 6
- Significance of Study 7
- Scope of the Study 8
- Research Questions 8
- Hypotheses 9
- Definition of Terms 10
CHAPTERTWO
Literature Review 14
- Development and trends in Realia Technology 14
- Relevance / Value of Realia technology 20
- Impact of Realia Instructions on students 24
- Factors Affecting Realia Material and Equipment 30
CHAPTERTHREE
Research Methodology 36
- Area of the Study 36
- Population of the Study 37
- Sample Plan 37
- Data Collection Techniques 38
- Data Analysis techniques 38
CHAPTERFOUR
4.1 Presentation and Analysis of Data 39
4.2 Discussions and Findings 50
CHAPTERFIVE:
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations 56
5.1 Summary of Findings 56
5.1 Recommendations 58
References 60
Appendix 63
CHAPTER ONE
1.0INTRODUCTION
The global wave in the use of educational technology and its revolutionary effects is a major attraction to the choice of this topic for study. This project examined systematically the effects of the use of students in developing nation like Nigeria taking the case of a private primary cum secondary school teaching and learning facilities. The choice of private school is pertinent, as most government schools have no functional libraries. There is a growing consciousness among some private school owners on the relevance of functional school libraries.
This project identified that an ideal teaching and learning facilities exists in International Early Learning Centre / Dority International Secondary School Aba in Abia State. A wide range of realia materials and their equipment for operation abound in the teaching and learning facilities.
However, many a time materials and equipment are not used in the teaching and learning facilities. Similarly, the students are unable to use the materials and equipment themselves. There is no convenient time for them to use the realia materials and equipment.
Despite all these constraints, audiovisual technology is adequately used in the school in teaching and learning.
The results gathered indicated that students’ academic performances are significantly improved after being taught using audiovisual technology.
Nowadays, knowledge is recorded in many physical forms. Before printing was invented, the papyrus, vellum, codex etc were used in recording human knowledge. With the invention of printing came books and other printing forms.
Recently, another form of media has come into prominence and that is the realia media. Realia may include graphic materials such as pictures, maps charts, sides etc, and finally multimedia packages such as motion pictures, video recording etc. There are also information-bearing items like microforms, computer readable data files and three- dimensional objects e.g. botanical specimens.
Audio-visuals have a variety of definitions. It is derived from a latin work meaning, “I hear”. In teaching and learning facilities and information science, it is replay of sound which we hear. This covers microforms, disc recorders, amplifiers, loud-speakers and their enclosures and any other techniques which are used to record or replay sound waves (Sincher, 1977).
Audio-visuals mean something related to sound and visual or light. They include printed materials and their equipment.
Realia materials can be categorized into audio materials and visual materials – Audio include Radio, lecture/talk, Audio tapes/cassette compact Disc, Telephone, etc. Visual materials can be identified by grouping than into two ways-2 dimensional and 3 dimensional; projectiles and Non projectuals. Visual materials can also be classified under graphics/photographic.
Audiovisuals are a combination of audio and visuals. They include TV programmes, multi-media packages, VCR, and even computer programmes. Some cannot be treated without the equipment for using them as progectors, TV receiver, microreader, Record player, photocopying machine, VTR laminating, 35mm camera with accessories etc. they can also exist in some other forms as slides of computer screens, down loading of computer screens to create a simulation of a computer search, interactive video disc which requires the image storage medium, a TV monitor or computer screen, appropriate software, and a means of receiving inputs.
They are usually not in book and so are not easily available. They are usually expensive because some of them require projectors, moreso, they are usually hard to process because they lack some of the normal bibliographic details. They, however, can be catalogued using the territorial areas. Finally, they are of easily accessible to users. They are used mainly as reference materials, and user are encouraged to borrow them.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
This research work titled. “The use of Audio – visual Technology in school libraries and students Academic performance” is informed by the prevalent global wave in the use of educational Technology Vis the – a vis the situation of nursery, primary and secondary schools in Nigeria. Being an experimental research, the study investigated the use of realia material and equipment in a typical school teaching and learning facilities (International Early Learning Center/Dority International Secondary School Aba) and evaluated the impacts of the use of such technology on the academic performance of students.
1.2 BRIEF PROFILE OF INTERNATIONAL EARLY LEARNING CENTER/DORITY INTERNATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOL
IELC / DISS is a private nursery, primary and secondary school. IELC is for the secondary division. The school is owned by Mrs. Zovannah Onuma; an American woman married to Eng. E. Onumah from Abia State, Nigeria.
The nursery section was established in 1984 along faulks Road Aba while the primary section was opened in 1986. However, owing to rapid increase in population of school children, the school relocated to its permanent site in 1992 and it was in the same year that the DISS was opened.
The school is situated at no. 19-21 Umuodu Avenue Abayi Osisiona L. G. A,Abia State. It has a population of over 5,700 and more than 500 workforce including the non-teaching staff.
The school is aimed at graduating students who are academically competent, constructively self-directed and who are oriented towards being positive, intelligent, sensitive and mature citizens of this country. The school vigorously pursues the attainment of these heart warming objectives.
The school has a teaching and learning facilities with a strong collection of both print and non-print materials. The teaching and learning facilities is headed by a professional librarian; a HND graduate in teaching and learning facilities science and assisted by a professional librarian also, there is also teaching and learning facilities security.
However, with the exponential increase in materials owing to the new policy of the school to purchase of daily basis a copy of daily newspaper and regular acquisition a of new materials, accommodation for the materials has become a problem. The teaching and learning facilities also needs more personnel to help in rendering effective service to users and to maintain orderliness and absolute quietude especially when students are using the teaching and learning facilities.
1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This research work although is carried out primarily to fulfill the basic school requirement for the award of Technical Teacher Certificate (TTC) is also essentially set to achieve the following objectives:
a. Identifying the various kinds of realia learning aid used in school libraries and in IELC/DISS in particular.
b. Examining the use of realia materials and their media in the school
c. Evaluating the impacts of the use or otherwise of the A/V materials on the academic performance of the students in the school under study.
d. Discovering the constraints inherent in the use of A/V material and their equipment in school teaching and learning facilities and suggesting ways of redeeming them.
1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This research topic is chosen to investigate the impact of the use of A/V material sand equipment would have on pupils in nursery, primary and is IELC/DISS Abayi, Aba, Abia State.
The desire to carry out this work is consequent upon the new wave of educational technology sweeping across the globe. The study investigated how school libraries in Nigeria could brace up the challenges posed by education technology.
This study is particularly important to school managers and government as it would enable them to know the various A/V materials and media that can be used in school libraries and possibly come to realize the positive impacts the use of A/V technology has on students academic performance and hence take positive steps to develop our school libraries and position them to encompass these media in their holding so as to meet the challenges of this information age.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study is limited to how A/V materials and equipment are used and assessed in IELC/DISS teaching and learning facilities for effective use on the academic performance of students. There is no comparative analysis as it is purely an experimental research. It rather tested the impacts of the use of the A/V media on students of the school studies. The study covered all sections of the school-nursery section, only the upper nursery was studied. The reason for this being that pupils in the lower nursery might not be sensitive enough to answer the research questions.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What is the population of students surveyed?
2. Does a teaching and learning facilities exist in the school under study?
3. Does the school use realia materials and equipment in teaching the students and what is the range of the realia materials in use?
4. Which places are designated for the use of the A/V materials and equipment?
5. Can the students use the A/V resources on their own and what range of materials are they able to use unaided?
6. What reasons account most for the non-use of the A/V materials and equipment?
7. Does teaching with audio-visuals facilitate understanding and in what areas is the impact most felt?
8. How adequate is the use of the materials and what factors account for the inadequacy of use?
1.7 HYPOTHESES
After a careful study of this research topic, the following assumptions were made and of which the research findings were expected to authenticate of disprove that:
(a) There are varieties of realia materials and equipment that can be used; in school libraries.
(b) The use of A/V materials and equipment increases chances of students comprehension of the subjects taught.
(c) Realia materials and equipment are not effectively used in school libraries in Nigeria.
(d) Many pupils in nursery and primary school and students in secondary school cannot effectively use the A/V materials and equipment themselves.
(e) Certain factors such as finance, accommodation and skilled manpower affect the effective use of A/V materials and equipment in school libraries.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
To properly grasp the content to his work, some concepts used need operational definition. Some of the concepts are Realia technology, school libraries, students and academic performance.
1.81 Realia Technology
Realia Technology in this context simply means audiovisual materials and their equipment of use. This term is usually inter changeably used with such terms or concept as educational technology, Audiovisual resources, educational material etc Educational technology according to Madu (2000) is a machinery or hardware of education of education or a highly structured approach to teach like programmed learning. The same Madu (2000) defined audiovisual as a combination of audio and visual materials which are used in the instructional or learning process to facilitate teaching and the Macmillan dictionary of information technology as a general term for non-book materials that can be viewed or listened to such as films filmstrips, tapes, and overhead transparences. There are a wide categories of there materials and equipments as have been briefly high lightened in the preamble.
1.8.2 SCHOOL LIBRARIES
School libraries are libraries found in primary and secondary schools whose collection are simply for the young people. However the scope of school libraries have expanded and so is the opinion of experts in the field on what a modern school teaching and learning facilities should be. A school teaching and learning facilities is presently referred to as a multimedia Center, Media Resource Centre, School Media Centre, Instructional Resource Centre etc. The variation in terminology not with standing. A school teaching and learning facilities is an information center located in a school environment for the purpose of providing information services to support teaching and learning process of the school. To Iroha (1985) a school teaching and learning facilities is a collection of wide variety of teaching and learning facilities materials and resources housed in each school, centrally agonized by a staff professionally to offer services to students and teachers that will enrich and support the education programmes of the school.
From the definitions given, certain features of a school teaching and learning facilities are discernible. It is an information center which contains both, books and non-book materials and is organized and managed by a professionally trained librarian or qualified teacher librarian who uses available information resources to provide information to support teaching and learning activities of the teachers and students.
The school teaching and learning facilities in this era of information revolution and has taken sweeping wave of globalization, has taken a new dimension in a media content, function and services.
It is am media Resource Centre and hence, emphasizes the provision and utilization of both print and non-print and non-print media.
Essentially, a school teaching and learning facilities is aimed at achieving the following objectives.
- Support teaching and learning within the school system
- Promote the development of reading skills and encourage long term learning through reading.
- Stimulate research and independent study
- Provide opportunities for further reading and use classroom textbooks
- Provide material for recreation and encourage students to read for pleasure.
- Provide pupils / students with vocational information leading to choice of a suitable career.
1.8.3 Students: In this project, students is a generic term used to designate school children in nursery, primary and secondary schools. They are those who are taught by the teachers and they constitute a greater number of users
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